Even Wikipedia knows State-sponsored terrorism.

Argentina: Under Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentina took the lead of Operation Condor and other anticommunist operations, supporting the “Cocaine Coup” of Luis García Meza Tejada in Bolivia or the Contras in Nicaragua.

Belgium: After the retreat of France from NATO, the SHAPE headquarter was displaced to Mons in Belgium. In 1990, following France’s denial of any “stay-behind” French army, Giulio Andreotti publicly pointed out that the last Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) meeting, to which the French branch of Gladio was present, had been on October 23 and 24, 1990, under the presidency of Belgian General Van Calster, director of the Belgian military secret service SGR. In November, Guy Coëme, Minister of the Defense, acknowledged the existence of a Belgium “stay-behind” army, lifting concerns about a similar implication in terrorist acts as in Italy.

Italy: Operation Gladio was a clandestine “stay-behind” operation sponsored by the CIA and NATO to counter communist influence after World War II in Italy, as well as in other European countries, which is alleged to have been involved in various terrorist acts. While Gladio is usually used to refer to only the Italian “stay-behind”, the term has also been applied to all other “stay-behind” operations. NATO stay-behind armies existed in all countries of Western Europe during the Cold War, including Turkey. Suspected at least since the 1984 revelations of Avanguardia Nazionale member Vincenzo Vinciguerra during his trial, Gladio’s existence was acknowledged by head of Italian government Giulio Andreotti on October 24, 1990, who spoke of a “structure of information, response and safeguard”, with arms caches and reserve officers. Further investigations revealed links to neofascists, the Mafia, Propaganda Due Masonic Lodge (aka P2), and the “strategia della tensione” followed in Italy during the 1970s-80s to block the electoral success of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).

Pakistan: Pakistan has been accused by India, Afghanistan, and other nations (including the United States, the United Kingdom and China) of its involvement in the Terrorism in Kashmir, Afghanistan, and China. Satellite imagery from the FBI which shows the existence of terror camps and data produced by India’s Research and Analysis Wing clearly suggest the existence of many terrorist camps in Pakistan with at least one militant admitting the help given by Pakistan in training them. Another terrorist outfit, the JKLF has openly admitted that more than 3,000 militants from various nationalities were still being trained. Other nonpartisan resources also concur stating that Pakistan’s military and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) both include personnel who sympathize with and help Islamic terrorists adding that “ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the al-Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed” Pakistan has denied any involvement in the terrorist activities in Kashmir, arguing that it only provides political and moral support to the secessionist groups. Many Kashmir terrorist groups also maintain their headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, which is cited as further proof by the Indian Government. Many of the terrorist organisations are banned by the UN, but continue to operate under different names. Even the normally reticent UNO has also publicly increased pressure on Pakistan on its inability to control its Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists. Both the Federal and State governments in India continue to accuse Pakistan of helping several banned terrorist organizations like ULFA in Assam. Experts believe that the ISI has also been involved in training and supplying Chechnyan militants.

South Africa: From the 1960s, apartheid South Africa has been accused of a series of state-sponsored terrorist incidents.

According to information revealed in 1998 by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South African agents were implicated in the 1961 aircrash in Zambia which killed UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld.

De-stabilization of its neighbors – particularly Angola and Mozambique – seemed to be the main plank of the apartheid regime’s foreign policy in the 1980s. Accusations have been made that South Africa’s Directorate of Military Intelligence caused the death of President Samora Machel of Mozambique in a 1986 aircrash in South Africa (see Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 air disaster). During the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars, the South Africans supported anti-communist insurgent groups in both countries. In Angola they aided UNITA (which ruled part of Angola like any military dictatorship) with weapons, money, military advisors and thousands of troops. They also aided RENAMO in Mozambique (another rebel group associated with human rights violations) with weapons and money.

The New York Accords, signed at UN headquarters on December 22, 1988, brought South Africa’s illegal occupation over many decades of Namibia to an end. UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, was travelling to the signing ceremony in New York, but was killed on Pan Am Flight 103 the day before. When it emerged that foreign minister Pik Botha and a South African delegation of 22 had also been booked on that flight, but cancelled at short notice, the apartheid regime was accused of responsibility for this 1988 aircrash in Scotland (see South Africa luggage swap theory).

United Kingdom:The United Kingdom (UK) is accused of supporting Loyalist terrorist groups, both within the UK and also in cross-border operations into the Republic of Ireland. namely the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Ulster Defence Association (UDA). These groups support the territory of Northern Ireland remaining part of the UK. The UK is accused of providing intelligence material, training, firearms, explosives and lists of people that the security forces wanted to have killed. The UK security services have been accused of involvement in the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings by the UVF on 17 May 1974 which killed 33 and wounded nearly 300 civilians.

On the 17 April 2003, Sir John Stevens published his third inquiry into collusion between the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) with Loyalist paramilitaries. It stated that there had been collusion in the murder of Pat Finucane by Loyalists.

A former RUC officer, John Weir, has admitted to colluding with Loyalist terrorists in the 1970s in activities that led to the death of ten Catholics and that his superiors had knowledge of 76 more killings carried out by the UVF in the same time period. He also alleges that members of the SAS killed Loyalists who may have planned to expose the collusion.

The UK has also been accused by Iran of supporting Arab separatist terrorism in the southern city of Ahwaz in 2006.

United States: The United States has been accused of being a state sponsor of terrorism by various groups and nations, including Venezuela, Cuba, and Nicaragua. The United States sponsored anti-Soviet Afghan Mujahideen during the 1980s, supported the Contras in Nicaragua, intervened in other Central American and Caribbean conflicts, and supported anti-government groups in Iraq following the 1991 Gulf War. In these actions the United States has committed and, in many cases, employed proxy groups to commit acts against governments in order to further its own ideological or political initiatives.

The earlier School of the Americas has been criticized for allegedly teaching torture techniques and human rights violations done by some of those who attended the school. It has since been reorganized as the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation and several changes have been made due to the criticisms.

In the 1980s the United States was convicted by the International Court of Justice (World Court) for ‘unlawful use of force’ for actions taken by US personnel and for supporting the Contras. The US then vetoed UN Security Council resolutions calling it to terminate its support.

The New York Times reported that the CIA orchestrated a bomb and sabotage campaign between 1992 and 1995 in Iraq via one of the resistance organizations, Allawi’s group. No public records of the secret bombing campaign are known to exist, and the former U.S. officials said their recollections were in many cases sketchy, and in some cases contradictory. According to the Iraqi government at the time, and one former CIA officer, this caused civilian casualties. “But whether the bombings actually killed any civilians could not be confirmed because, as a former C.I.A. official said, the United States had no significant intelligence sources in Iraq then.”

The CIA recruited and trained anti-Castro Cuban militants living in Miami, Florida in secret bases in Florida. The Bay of Pigs Operation is the largest publicly-acknowledged covert CIA-sponsored Cuban insurgent attack against the Cuban government during the cold-war era. This operation involved attacks against military targets. As civilians were not the intended targets of the attack, it is incorrect to refer to it as terrorism.

The bombing of Cubana Flight 455 was allegedly involved Orlando Bosch and Luis Posada Carriles, persons who had earlier had contacts with the CIA. However, there is no evidence that the United States organized the bombing.

Soviet Union: The terms “repression” and “terror” were normal working terms in the Soviet Union, since the “dictatorship of the proletariat” was supposed to suppress the resistance of other social classes. The entire “ruling classes” have been exterminated, including “rich people”, and a significant part of intelligentsia and peasantry labeled as kulaks. The numerous victims of extrajudicial punishment were called the “enemies of the people”. The “mass terror” by the state included summary executions, torture, sending innocent people to Gulag, involuntary settlement, and stripping of citizen’s rights. Usually, all members of a family, including children, were punished simultaneously as “traitor of Motherland family members”. The repressions have been conducted by Cheka, OGPU and NKVD in waves known as Red Terror, Collectivisation, Great Purge, Doctor’s Plot, and others. The terror against “ruling classes” and general population was practiced in Soviet republics and at the territories “liberated” by Soviet Army during World War II, including Baltic States, Eastern Europe, China, and North Korea.

After the 1953 death of Stalin and subsequent destalinization, the KGB continued its policy of supporting some terrorist organizations. KGB General Aleksandr Sakharovsky said that “In today’s world, when nuclear arms have made military force obsolete, terrorism should become our main weapon.” He also claimed that “Airplane hijacking is my own invention”. In 1969 alone 82 planes were hijacked worldwide by the KGB-financed PLO. George Habash, who worked under KGB guidance, explained: “Killing one Jew far away from the field of battle is more effective than killing a hundred Jews on the field of battle, because it attracts more attention.”

Lt. General Ion Mihai Pacepa, the highest ranking Soviet block intelligence defector, described operation “SIG” (“Zionist Governments”) that was devised in 1972, to turn the whole Islamic world against Israel and the United States. According to him, KGB chairman Yury Andropov explained him that “a billion adversaries could inflict far greater damage on America than could a few millions. We needed to instill a Nazi-style hatred for the Jews throughout the Islamic world, and to turn this weapon of the emotions into a terrorist bloodbath against Israel and its main supporter, the United States.” Andropov also would have tell him that “the Islamic world was a waiting petri dish in which we could nurture a virulent strain of America-hatred, grown from the bacterium of Marxist-Leninist thought.”

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